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Specifications
| Appearance | Off-white or gray-black solid powder |
| Identity (by 1H NMR) | To conform structure |
| Purity (HPLC) | 95.0% min |
| Maximum single impurity | 1.0% max |
| Residual solvent | 6.0% max |
| Moisture content | 2.0% max |
Applications
Tri-GalNAc(OAc)3 TFA is primarily used in pharmaceutical research and drug delivery applications, particularly in the development of liver-targeted therapeutics. It functions as a GalNAc-based ligand that enables selective binding to the asialoglycoprotein receptor expressed on hepatocytes. This compound is widely applied in the design and synthesis of targeted conjugates, including oligonucleotide, siRNA, antisense, and small-molecule drug conjugates intended for hepatic delivery. In research settings, it is used as an intermediate for studying receptor-mediated endocytosis, optimizing ligand density, and evaluating structure–activity relationships in liver-specific targeting systems. It also supports the development of advanced conjugation platforms for precision medicine and nucleic acid therapeutics.
Benefits
Tri-GalNAc(OAc)3 TFA offers significant advantages due to its strong and selective affinity for hepatocyte receptors. The triantennary GalNAc structure enhances binding efficiency and cellular uptake, leading to improved delivery of therapeutic payloads to liver cells. The acetyl-protected hydroxyl groups provide chemical stability during synthesis and handling, while allowing controlled deprotection in later stages. Its defined structure ensures reproducibility and consistency in conjugation processes, which is critical for pharmaceutical development. Additionally, the compound supports reduced systemic exposure and off-target effects by enabling targeted delivery, improving therapeutic efficacy and safety profiles in drug development.
Conclusion
Tri-GalNAc(OAc)3 TFA is a highly valuable targeting ligand for liver-directed drug delivery and pharmaceutical research. Its applications in GalNAc-conjugated therapeutics, combined with benefits such as high receptor affinity, controlled protection, and reproducible performance, make it an essential component in the development of next-generation liver-targeted treatments. The compound continues to support advances in precision medicine, nucleic acid therapeutics, and targeted drug delivery technologies.
