2-Ketoglutaric Acid丨CAS 328-50-7

1. Biochemical and Physiological Roles
A. Central Metabolite in the Krebs Cycle
● 2-Ketoglutaric acid丨CAS 328-50-7 is an essential intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle.
● Plays a key role in cellular respiration, where it helps generate energy (ATP) in mitochondria by oxidizing acetyl-CoA.
B. Precursor to Amino Acids
● Serves as a precursor to glutamate and glutamine via transamination reactions.
● Involved in nitrogen metabolism and helps detoxify ammonia by forming non-toxic amino acids.

2. Nutritional and Dietary Supplement
A. Athletic Performance and Recovery
● Supplemented to improve endurance, reduce fatigue, and support muscle recovery by enhancing energy production and reducing lactic acid buildup.
B. Anti-aging and Longevity
● Studied for its anti-aging potential due to its roles in mitochondrial health and epigenetic regulation.
● May improve cellular resistance to oxidative stress and support longevity pathways (e.g., mimicking calorie restriction).
C. Gut Health
● Often included in clinical nutrition and enteral formulas to support intestinal barrier function and gut epithelial cell metabolism.

3. Medical and Clinical Research
A. Treatment of Hyperammonemia
● Helps remove excess nitrogen by supporting ammonia detoxification, especially in patients with urea cycle disorders or liver dysfunction.
B. Renal and Liver Support
● Protects against oxidative damage in kidney and liver tissues due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
● Explored as a hepatoprotective agent and in managing chronic kidney disease.

4. Industrial and Biotechnological Applications
A. Fermentation and Microbial Growth Media
● Used as a carbon source or intermediate in fermentation processes to produce antibiotics, amino acids, and organic acids.
B. Precursor in Chemical Synthesis
● Starting material for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, chelating agents, and specialty biochemicals.

5. Cosmetic and Skin Health
Sometimes included in formulations for skin brightening and anti-aging products due to its involvement in cellular metabolism and collagen support.

√ Crucial Metabolic Intermediate
● Central to energy metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis
√ Antioxidant and Detoxifying Effects
● Supports glutathione production and ammonia clearance
√ Well-Tolerated and Bioavailable
● Naturally occurring in the body; exhibits high absorption and compatibility when used as a supplement
√ Broad Therapeutic Potential
● Studied in contexts of aging, muscle wasting, liver disease, and gut health
√ Versatility in Applications
● Valuable across pharmaceutical, nutritional, biotechnological, and cosmetic industries

Conclusion
2-Ketoglutaric acid丨CAS 328-50-7 is a versatile and biologically significant compound that serves as a metabolic hub in the body. Its central role in the Krebs cycle, amino acid synthesis, and detoxification pathways underpins its widespread use in clinical nutrition, sports performance, and biotechnological processes. Its benefits in promoting energy production, cell health, and systemic detoxification make it a valuable ingredient in both therapeutic and functional formulations.