Aristolochic Acid丨CAS 313-67-7

Aristolochic acid, with the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number 313-67-7, is a naturally occurring compound found in plants of the Aristolochia and Asarum genera. It is a nitrophenanthrene carboxylic acid and is known for its toxic and carcinogenic properties. Despite its historical use in traditional medicine, aristolochic acid is now recognized as a significant health hazard and is heavily regulated or banned in many countries.

1. Traditional Medicine:

- Historically, plants containing aristolochic acid were used in traditional Chinese medicine and other herbal remedies for conditions such as inflammation, arthritis, and wound healing. However, due to its toxicity, its use in medicine has been largely discontinued.

2. Research:

- Aristolochic acid丨313-67-7 is used in scientific research to study its mechanisms of toxicity and carcinogenicity. It serves as a model compound for understanding DNA damage and mutagenesis caused by nitrophenanthrene derivatives.

3. Toxicology Studies:

- It is used in toxicology to investigate the effects of nephrotoxic (kidney-damaging) and carcinogenic compounds, particularly in relation to "aristolochic acid nephropathy" (AAN) and its association with urothelial cancer.

1. Research Tool:

- Aristolochic acid is valuable in research for studying DNA adduct formation, mutagenesis, and the development of cancers, particularly in the urinary tract.

2. Historical Significance:

- Its use in traditional medicine provides insight into the historical context of herbal remedies and the importance of evidence-based medicine.

1. Nephrotoxicity:

- Aristolochic acid丨313-67-7 is highly nephrotoxic and can cause aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN), a condition characterized by kidney failure and fibrosis.

2. Carcinogenicity:

- It is a potent carcinogen, particularly associated with urothelial cancers of the urinary tract. Its metabolites form DNA adducts, leading to mutations and cancer development.

3. Regulatory Status:

- Due to its toxicity, aristolochic acid and plants containing it are banned or heavily regulated in many countries, including the United States, Canada, and members of the European Union.

4. Exposure Risks:

- Exposure can occur through the consumption of contaminated herbal products, dietary supplements, or traditional remedies. Even small doses can pose significant health risks.

5. Symptoms of Poisoning:

- Symptoms of Aristolochic acid丨313-67-7 poisoning include kidney dysfunction, urinary tract cancers, and gastrointestinal issues. Long-term exposure can lead to chronic kidney disease and cancer.

1. Environmental Impact:

- Plants containing aristolochic acid can contaminate soil and water, posing risks to ecosystems and human health if ingested indirectly.

2. Regulatory Actions:

- Regulatory agencies, such as the FDA and WHO, have issued warnings and bans on the use of aristolochic acid-containing products. Strict controls are in place to prevent its inclusion in food, supplements, and medicines.

Aristolochic acid丨313-67-7 is a highly toxic and carcinogenic compound with a controversial history of use in traditional medicine. While it has been valuable in research for understanding toxicity and carcinogenesis, its health risks far outweigh any potential benefits. Its use in medicine and consumer products is now banned or heavily regulated in most countries due to its association with kidney failure and cancer. Public awareness and strict regulatory measures are essential to prevent exposure and protect human health. Researchers and healthcare professionals must remain vigilant to ensure that aristolochic acid-containing products are not used or distributed.